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<DIV dir=ltr align=left><SPAN class=162455712-13052011><FONT size=4>Dear
all,</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr align=left><SPAN class=162455712-13052011><FONT
size=4></FONT></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr align=left><SPAN class=162455712-13052011><FONT size=4>I think that
this is a fascinating question. I wasn't aware of the OAS Charter article that
Don cites. However, I've recently written a piece in the JICJ on whether
treaties generally, and Rome Statute specifically, can directly bind individuals
on the international plane without transformation in domestic law. The
manuscript is available on SSRN, while the final paginated article is available
through Oxford Journals.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr align=left><SPAN class=162455712-13052011><FONT
size=4></FONT></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr align=left><SPAN class=162455712-13052011><FONT size=4><A
href="http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1690606">http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1690606</A></FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr align=left><SPAN class=162455712-13052011><FONT
size=4></FONT></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr align=left><SPAN class=162455712-13052011><FONT size=4>Comments are
of course most welcome! Best,</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr align=left><SPAN class=162455712-13052011><FONT
size=4></FONT></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr align=left><SPAN class=162455712-13052011><FONT
size=4>Marko</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr align=left><SPAN class=162455712-13052011><FONT
size=4></FONT></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr align=left><SPAN class=162455712-13052011><FONT
size=4></FONT></SPAN> </DIV><BR>
<DIV class=OutlookMessageHeader lang=en-us dir=ltr align=left>
<HR tabIndex=-1>
<FONT face=Tahoma size=2><B>From:</B> Carl Bruch [mailto:bruch@eli.org]
<BR><B>Sent:</B> 13 May 2011 01:50<BR><B>To:</B> Caroline Foster; Don Anton;
intlawprofessors@mailman.anu.edu.au<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re: [IntLawProfessors]
TNC's international obligations<BR></FONT><BR></DIV>
<DIV></DIV>
<DIV id=idOWAReplyText21123 dir=ltr>
<DIV dir=ltr><FONT face=Arial size=2>Interesting question ... If there was
intent, why could states not bind private entities? States can bind
individuals (viz. the Rome Statute) without domestic implementing legislation,
why not corporate entities? </FONT></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr><FONT face=Arial size=2>There is some interesting scholarship
regarding whether the Rome Statue applies to corporations and armed groups, but
I am having difficulty getting past the plain language of article 25(1) ("<FONT
size=2>The Court shall have jurisdiction over natural persons pursuant to this
Statute.</FONT>").</FONT></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr><FONT face=Arial size=2>In any case, it seems clear that States can
and do create obligations for natural persons that do not require those persons
to consent to being bound, and that no domestic implementing framework is
necessary to subject the natural persons to the rules in a treaty. I see
no reason that States could not do the same for legal persons.
</FONT></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr><FONT face=Arial size=2>Are there any examples where international
treaties have targeted nongovernmental entities, for example in terrorism (e.g.,
freezing and seizing assets)? </FONT></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr><FONT face=Arial size=2>I look forward to other responses on this
thread.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr><FONT face=Arial size=2>Warm regards,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr><FONT face=Arial size=2>Carl</FONT></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr><FONT face=Arial
size=2>*********************************************</FONT></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr><FONT face=Arial size=2>Carl Bruch</FONT></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr><FONT face=Arial size=2>Senior Attorney</FONT></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr><FONT face=Arial size=2>Co-Director, International
Programs</FONT></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr><FONT face=Arial size=2>Environmental Law Institute</FONT></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr><FONT face=Arial size=2>2000 L Street NW, Suite 620</FONT></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr><FONT face=Arial size=2>Washington, DC 20036</FONT></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr><FONT face=Arial size=2>Tel: (202) 939-3879</FONT></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr><FONT face=Arial size=2>Fax: (202) 939-3868</FONT></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr><FONT face=Arial
size=2>*********************************************</FONT></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr> </DIV></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr><BR>
<HR tabIndex=-1>
<FONT face=Tahoma size=2><B>From:</B>
intlawprofessors-bounces@mailman.anu.edu.au on behalf of Caroline
Foster<BR><B>Sent:</B> Thu 5/12/2011 5:04 PM<BR><B>To:</B> Don Anton;
intlawprofessors@mailman.anu.edu.au<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re: [IntLawProfessors]
TNC's international obligations<BR></FONT><BR></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>Dear Don/colleagues, </DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>It seems to me that the starting point is that where the TNCs are not party
to an instrument (the Charter) purporting to subject them to legal obligations
it is very hard at the moment to argue that they are bound directly - but
if there is an obligation on States to create a domestic legal framework
subjecting the TNCs to the rules in a treaty and States comply with this
oblgiation then the TNCs will become bound by the content of the treaty as a
matter of national law.</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>However the Charter provision raises some very interesting issues. Is
there any way that a State's consent for private entities, of certain classes or
generally, to be bound can in any degree bind them? Or any way in which
the law might develop towards this? To what extent does the ITLOS opinion
indicate that this is a direction in which we will see more movement, or point
the way?</DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica">
<DIV>-- </DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>Dr. Caroline E. Foster</DIV>
<DIV>BA LLB (Cantuar) LLM PHD (Cantab) </DIV>
<DIV>Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Law</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>Room 2.16, Bldg 803</DIV>
<DIV>9 Eden Crescent</DIV>
<DIV>University of Auckland</DIV>
<DIV>Private Bag 92019</DIV>
<DIV>New Zealand</DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV><SPAN id=OLK_SRC_BODY_SECTION>
<DIV
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #b5c4df 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; COLOR: black; PADDING-TOP: 3pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">From: </SPAN>Don Anton <<A
href="mailto:AntonD@law.anu.edu.au">AntonD@law.anu.edu.au</A>><BR><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Date: </SPAN>Fri, 13 May 2011 06:55:24 +1000<BR><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">To: </SPAN><<A
href="mailto:intlawprofessors@mailman.anu.edu.au">intlawprofessors@mailman.anu.edu.au</A>><BR><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Subject: </SPAN>[IntLawProfessors] TNC's international
obligations<BR></DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN: 4px 4px 1px; FONT: 12pt Arial">
<DIV>Dear Colleagues,</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>This post picks up on part of the exchange that Caroline Foster's post on
ITLOS Case No. 17 back in early March prompted on international obligations of
private parties. </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>In particular, I'd like to learn thoughts you may have about the
operation of Art. 36 (former Art. 35 until the Protocol of Washington entered
into force) of the Charter of the Organization of American States. I
am interested to see whether you think this provision subjects the
activities and omissions <FONT face=Arial size=3>of TNCs ("shall be subject") to
the provisions of all "international treaties and agreements" in particular OAS
countries in which they operate. In other words, do TNCs not only need to
be mindful of municipal legislation, but also all treaties which are binding
(regardless of "transformation" that may be constitutionally
required).</FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV> Art. 36 provides:</DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<DIV><SPAN
style="WORD-SPACING: 0px; FONT: medium 'Times New Roman'; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; BORDER-COLLAPSE: separate"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11px; LINE-HEIGHT: 16px; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
size=3>Transnational enterprises and foreign private investment shall be
subject to the legislation of the host countries and to the jurisdiction of
their competent courts and to the international treaties and agreements to
which said countries are parties, and should conform to the development
policies of the recipient
countries.</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE><SPAN class=Apple-style-span
style="WORD-SPACING: 0px; FONT: medium 'Times New Roman'; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); TEXT-INDENT: 0px; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; BORDER-COLLAPSE: separate; WIDOWS: 2; ORPHANS: 2"><PRE><FONT face=Arial size=3>Kind regards,<BR>DA</FONT></PRE></SPAN></DIV></DIV>Intlawprofessors
is moderated by Don Anton and hosted by the Australian National University
College of Law</SPAN> </DIV><br/>
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