comments

Hela, Eric erich at morobegold.com.pg
Sat Dec 8 08:37:19 EST 2001


Volkar,

No, not quite right on 'Mangi'.  Mangi is the correct way it is pronounced
and spelled by many Papua New Guineans including myself.  Haven't heard one
Papua New Guinean pronouncing Manki( as in monkey).

Eric Hela 
Morobe Consolidated Goldfields
Wau, Morobe Province. Papua New Guinea.
phone: 675 474 6208; fax: 675 474 6344
mailto:erich at morobegold.com.pg


-----Original Message-----
From: owner-MIHALIC at anu.edu.au [mailto:owner-MIHALIC at anu.edu.au]On Behalf Of
BURTON John
Sent: Saturday, November 24, 2001 12:46 PM
To: Multiple recipients of list
Subject: RE: Exclamations!

bagaros: 1. exclamation (I don't have an example of this.  Can anyone
confirm this usage?) 2. good-for-nothing ("Tasol bagaros nogut i gat
strongpela tingting stret long maritim dispela kum katim meri.") 3. guy
("Tasol bagaros ya i painim wanpela diwai na wokim bet bilong tupela long
drip i go daun long wara.")

[My response is:]
I've heard baga?E as 2 Good-for nothing. But some Highlanders have told me
it can also mean hero?E baga ya i winim ol.?EBut bagaros?Eis new to me.

Donabeta!: Blast!  From the German Donnerwetter (M?Elhausler, 1985b: 203).
"Literally, 'thunder-weather,' thunderstorm, Damn it!, I'll be damned!"
(Slone, 1995: 85)     Tick, but you'd be hard finding it.


[My response is:] I agree. Pretty obsolete, as are all these German-origin
words. But it would be good to keep them in the dictionary with an
appropriate marker, like "old". BTW may I suggest that any usage markers be
in simple English or Tok Pisin, i.e., "old" rather than "obsolete". That
will help grassroots people use the dictionary.

Donakail!: Blast! From the German Donnerkeil (M?Elhausler, 1985b: 203).
"Literally, 'thunderbolt,' Damn it!, I'll be damned!" (Slone, 1995: 85)
Ditto

Dumekerl!: Stupid fool! From the German dummer Kerl, "dumb fellow"
(M?Elhausler, 1985b: 203)  Ditto

Dumkop!: Idiot! From the German Dummkopf, "dumb-head" (M?Elhausler, 1985b:
203)  Ditto, but current I believe in New Ireland/ENB. See Sweinera below.
[My response is:] Not with younger people in New Ireland.


Eh!      How do you spell it?
[My response is:] E! or Ei!


Note 1: New names of numbers (is this restricted to urban Tok Pisin?):
twenti, teti, foti, fifti, sisti (see Note 2), seventi, eiti, nainti
[My response is:] No, pretty common everywhere. I've heard these in villages
in New Ireland and EHP both.
KBS! / Kanaka bikpela samting!: "You should know!", You yokel, it's obvious!
(Smith, 1990: 283)     Transient


[My response is:] What will be done with words like this that are obviously
slang words, either current or pass?E

Laik gutwan!: "You're putting on airs" (Smith, 1990: 282)     Transient?


[My response is:] Current, I think. Or am I showing my age?

Skin dai!: boring, hopeless (Smith, 1990: 283)     ?


[My response is:] Very current.  I hear it a lot.

Stail mangi!: "stylish young person" (Smith, 1990: 2 83)  Tick. However,
although it is common enough I don't go for the "mangi" spelling. What's
most common in Wantok?


[My response is:] Probably manki, but I have yet to see any Papua New
Guinean who spells it that way.

Yupela kaikai as kunai!: Exclamation referring to Highlanders (Strathern,
1975: 278; Strathern, 1990)
Note: Mosel (1980: 31) gives a more specific etymology for kunai as being
from the Tolai Language.     Obsolete, if ever widely heard. As tangket
would make sense, not as kunai except as an allusion.


[My response is:] In New Ireland I usually hear “het ston?Efor Highlanders.

Question: Are "donabeta", "donakai", "dumekerl", "dumkop", "haltmunt"
"papelu", "rintfi", "saise" and "stupit", "yakabor" archaic or are they
localized?     We can't tell without getting some blari PNGeans on board. I
keep emailing people but it's like getting blood out of a stone. THIS IS AN
ALL STATIONS CALL FOR PNGEANS TO GET INVOLVED. However, bear in mind that we
need old fogies not young whipper-snappers for these. (The whipper-snappers
can tell us about the new slang.)

[My response is:] stupit?EI hear a lot (please don't embarrass me by asking
why I happen to hear it so much!) . The other ones are pretty archaic,
I think. I hope will still be included though, with an appropriate note.



****************************************
Craig Volker
volker at nalik.org
Fax / voicemail: USA 1-206-338-2559
Cell phone: JAPAN 090-1721-1226

???????????
?????L?????
*****************************************


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<div class=3DSection1>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span class=3DEmailStyle21><font size=3D4 =
color=3Dnavy
face=3D"Century Gothic"><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:"Century Gothic"'><![if =
!supportEmptyParas]>&nbsp;<![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:3.5gd'><font size=3D2 =
color=3Dblack
face=3DTahoma><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;
color:black'>-----Original Message-----<br>
<b><span style=3D'font-weight:bold'>From:</span></b> =
owner-MIHALIC at anu.edu.au
[mailto:owner-MIHALIC at anu.edu.au]<b><span style=3D'font-weight:bold'>On =
Behalf Of
</span></b>BURTON John<br>
<b><span style=3D'font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Saturday, November =
24, 2001
12:46 PM<br>
<b><span style=3D'font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> Multiple recipients =
of list<br>
<b><span style=3D'font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> RE: =
Exclamations!</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:3.5gd'><font size=3D3 =
face=3D"Times New Roman"><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:12.0pt'><![if =
!supportEmptyParas]>&nbsp;<![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<div style=3D'border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm =
0cm 4.0pt'>

<p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:3.81gd;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid blue =
1.5pt;padding:
0cm;mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 0cm 4.0pt'><font size=3D3 color=3Dblack
face=3D"Times New Roman"><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>bagaros:
1. exclamation (I don't have an example of this.&nbsp; Can anyone =
confirm this
usage?) 2. good-for-nothing (&quot;Tasol bagaros nogut i gat strongpela
tingting stret long maritim dispela kum katim meri.&quot;) 3. guy =
(&quot;Tasol
bagaros ya i painim wanpela diwai na wokim bet bilong tupela long drip i =
go
daun long wara.&quot;)</span></font><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>&nbsp;</span></fo=
nt><font
color=3Dblack><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font><=
/p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:3.81gd;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid blue =
1.5pt;padding:
0cm;mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 0cm 4.0pt'><font size=3D3 color=3Dnavy
face=3D"Times New Roman"><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'><![if =
!supportEmptyParas]>&nbsp;<![endif]></span></font><font
color=3Dnavy><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></=
p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:45.7pt;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid blue =
1.5pt;padding:
0cm;mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 0cm 4.0pt'><span class=3DEmailStyle21><font =
size=3D4
color=3Dnavy face=3D"Century Gothic"><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:14.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Century Gothic"'>[My response =
is:] <o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:45.7pt;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid blue =
1.5pt;padding:
0cm;mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 0cm 4.0pt'><span class=3DEmailStyle21><font =
size=3D4
color=3Dnavy face=3D"Century Gothic"><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:14.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Century Gothic"'>I've heard =
&#8220;baga&#8221; <span
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span>as 2 Good-for nothing. But some
Highlanders have told me it can also mean &#8220;hero&#8221;. =
&#8220;Baga ya i winim ol.&#8221; But &#8220;bagaros&#8221;
is new to me.<o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:3.81gd;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid blue =
1.5pt;padding:
0cm;mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 0cm 4.0pt'><font size=3D3 color=3Dblack
face=3D"Times New Roman"><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>&nbsp;<br>
Donabeta!: Blast!&nbsp; From the German Donnerwetter (M=FChlh=E4usler, =
1985b: 203).
&quot;Literally, 'thunder-weather,' thunderstorm, Damn it!, I'll be
damned!&quot; (Slone, 1995: 85)</span></font><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue
face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:blue'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tick, but you'd be hard =
finding
it.&nbsp;</span></font><font color=3Dblack><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'color:black'><br
style=3D'mso-special-character:line-break'>
<![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]><br =
style=3D'mso-special-character:line-break'>
<![endif]></span></font><font color=3Dnavy><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'color:navy;
mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:45.7pt;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid blue =
1.5pt;padding:
0cm;mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 0cm 4.0pt'><span class=3DEmailStyle21><font =
size=3D4
color=3Dnavy face=3D"Century Gothic"><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:14.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Century Gothic"'>[My response =
is:] I
agree. Pretty obsolete, as are all these German-origin =
words.<o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:3.81gd;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid blue =
1.5pt;padding:
0cm;mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 0cm 4.0pt'><font size=3D3 color=3Dblack
face=3D"Times New Roman"><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:black'><br>
Donakail!: Blast! From the German Donnerkeil (M=FChlh=E4usler, 1985b: =
203).
&quot;Literally, 'thunderbolt,' Damn it!, I'll be damned!&quot; (Slone, =
1995:
85)</span></font><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span =
lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>&nbsp; =
Ditto&nbsp;</span></font><font
color=3Dblack><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'color:black'><br>
<br>
Dumekerl!: Stupid fool! From the German dummer Kerl, &quot;dumb =
fellow&quot;
(M=FChlh=E4usler, 1985b: 203)</span></font><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>&nbsp;
Ditto&nbsp;</span></font><font color=3Dblack><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'color:black'><br>
<br>
Dumkop!: Idiot! From the German Dummkopf, &quot;dumb-head&quot; =
(M=FChlh=E4usler,
1985b: 203)</span></font><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span =
lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>&nbsp; Ditto, =
but current
I believe in New Ireland/ENB. See Sweinera below.</span></font><font =
size=3D2
color=3Dnavy face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
Arial;color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:45.7pt;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid blue =
1.5pt;padding:
0cm;mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 0cm 4.0pt'><span class=3DEmailStyle21><font =
size=3D4
color=3Dnavy face=3D"Century Gothic"><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:14.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Century Gothic"'>[My response =
is:] Not
with younger people in New Ireland.<o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:3.81gd;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid blue =
1.5pt;padding:
0cm;mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 0cm 4.0pt'><font size=3D3 color=3Dblack
face=3D"Times New Roman"><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:black'><br>
<br>
Eh!</span></font><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span =
lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How
do you spell it?</span></font><font size=3D2 color=3Dnavy =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy;mso-color-alt:
windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:45.7pt;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid blue =
1.5pt;padding:
0cm;mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 0cm 4.0pt'><span class=3DEmailStyle21><font =
size=3D4
color=3Dnavy face=3D"Century Gothic"><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:14.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Century Gothic"'>[My response =
is:] E! or
Ei!<o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:3.81gd;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid blue =
1.5pt;padding:
0cm;mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 0cm 4.0pt'><font size=3D3 color=3Dblack
face=3D"Times New Roman"><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:black'><br>
<br>
Note 1: New names of numbers (is this restricted to urban Tok Pisin?): =
twenti,
teti, foti, fifti, sisti (see Note 2), seventi, eiti, =
nainti</span></font><font
color=3Dnavy><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></=
p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:45.7pt;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid blue =
1.5pt;padding:
0cm;mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 0cm 4.0pt'><span class=3DEmailStyle21><font =
size=3D4
color=3Dnavy face=3D"Century Gothic"><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:14.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Century Gothic"'>[My response =
is:] No, pretty
common everywhere. I've heard these in villages in New Ireland and EHP =
both.<o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:3.81gd;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid blue =
1.5pt;padding:
0cm;mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 0cm 4.0pt'><font size=3D3 color=3Dblack
face=3D"Times New Roman"><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>KBS!
/ Kanaka bikpela samting!: &quot;You should know!&quot;, You yokel, it's
obvious! (Smith, 1990: 283)</span></font><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;Transient&nbsp;</span></font><font
color=3Dblack><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'color:black'><br =
style=3D'mso-special-character:
line-break'>
<![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]><br =
style=3D'mso-special-character:line-break'>
<![endif]></span></font><font color=3Dnavy><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'color:navy;
mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:45.7pt;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid blue =
1.5pt;padding:
0cm;mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 0cm 4.0pt'><span class=3DEmailStyle21><font =
size=3D4
color=3Dnavy face=3D"Century Gothic"><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:14.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Century Gothic"'>[My response =
is:] What
will be done with words like this that are obviously slang words, either =
current
or pass=E9? <o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:3.81gd;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid blue =
1.5pt;padding:
0cm;mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 0cm 4.0pt'><font size=3D3 color=3Dblack
face=3D"Times New Roman"><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:black'><br>
Laik gutwan!: &quot;You're putting on airs&quot; (Smith, 1990: =
282)</span></font><font
size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial;color:blue'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Transient?&nb=
sp;</span></font><font
color=3Dblack><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'color:black'><br =
style=3D'mso-special-character:
line-break'>
<![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]><br =
style=3D'mso-special-character:line-break'>
<![endif]></span></font><font color=3Dnavy><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'color:navy;
mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:45.7pt;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid blue =
1.5pt;padding:
0cm;mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 0cm 4.0pt'><span class=3DEmailStyle21><font =
size=3D4
color=3Dnavy face=3D"Century Gothic"><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:14.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Century Gothic"'>[My response =
is:] Current,
I think. Or am I showing my age?<o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:3.81gd;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid blue =
1.5pt;padding:
0cm;mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 0cm 4.0pt'><font size=3D3 color=3Dblack
face=3D"Times New Roman"><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:black'><br>
Skin dai!: boring, hopeless (Smith, 1990: 283)</span></font><font =
size=3D2
color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
Arial;color:blue'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;?&nbsp;</span></font><fon=
t
color=3Dblack><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'color:black'><br =
style=3D'mso-special-character:
line-break'>
<![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]><br =
style=3D'mso-special-character:line-break'>
<![endif]></span></font><font color=3Dnavy><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'color:navy;
mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:45.7pt;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid blue =
1.5pt;padding:
0cm;mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 0cm 4.0pt'><span class=3DEmailStyle21><font =
size=3D4
color=3Dnavy face=3D"Century Gothic"><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:14.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Century Gothic"'>[My response =
is:] Very
current. <span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span>I hear it a =
lot.<o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:3.81gd;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid blue =
1.5pt;padding:
0cm;mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 0cm 4.0pt'><font size=3D3 color=3Dblack
face=3D"Times New Roman"><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:black'><br>
Stail mangi!: &quot;stylish young person&quot; (Smith, 1990: =
2</span></font><font
size=3D2 color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial;color:blue'>&nbsp;</span></font><font =
color=3Dblack><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'color:black'>83)</span></font><font size=3D2 =
color=3Dblue
face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:blue'>&nbsp; Tick. However, although it is common enough I don't =
go for
the &quot;mangi&quot; spelling. What's most common in =
Wantok?</span></font><font
color=3Dblack><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'color:black'><br =
style=3D'mso-special-character:
line-break'>
<![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]><br =
style=3D'mso-special-character:line-break'>
<![endif]></span></font><font color=3Dnavy><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'color:navy;
mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:45.7pt;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid blue =
1.5pt;padding:
0cm;mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 0cm 4.0pt'><span class=3DEmailStyle21><font =
size=3D4
color=3Dnavy face=3D"Century Gothic"><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:14.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Century Gothic"'>[My response =
is:] Probably
manki, but I have yet to see any Papua New Guinean who spells it that =
way.<o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:3.81gd;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid blue =
1.5pt;padding:
0cm;mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 0cm 4.0pt'><font size=3D3 color=3Dblack
face=3D"Times New Roman"><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:black'><br>
Yupela kaikai as kunai!: Exclamation referring to Highlanders =
(Strathern, 1975:
278; Strathern, 1990)<br>
Note: Mosel (1980: 31) gives a more specific etymology for kunai as =
being from
the Tolai Language.</span></font><font size=3D2 color=3Dblue =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;Obsolete,
if ever widely heard. As tangket would make sense, not as kunai except =
as an
allusion.&nbsp;</span></font><font color=3Dblack><span lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'color:black'><br style=3D'mso-special-character:line-break'>
<![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]><br =
style=3D'mso-special-character:line-break'>
<![endif]></span></font><font color=3Dnavy><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'color:navy;
mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:45.7pt;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid blue =
1.5pt;padding:
0cm;mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 0cm 4.0pt'><span class=3DEmailStyle21><font =
size=3D4
color=3Dnavy face=3D"Century Gothic"><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:14.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Century Gothic"'>[My response =
is:] In New
Ireland I usually hear &#8220;het ston&#8221; for =
Highlanders.<o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:3.81gd;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid blue =
1.5pt;padding:
0cm;mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 0cm 4.0pt'><font size=3D3 color=3Dblack
face=3D"Times New Roman"><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:black'><br>
Question: Are &quot;donabeta&quot;, &quot;donakai&quot;, =
&quot;dumekerl&quot;,
&quot;dumkop&quot;, &quot;haltmunt&quot; &quot;papelu&quot;,
&quot;rintfi&quot;, &quot;saise&quot; and &quot;stupit&quot;,
&quot;yakabor&quot; archaic or are they localized?</span></font><font =
size=3D2
color=3Dblue face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
Arial;color:blue'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We can't tell without =
getting
some blari PNGeans on board. I&nbsp;keep emailing&nbsp;people but it's =
like
getting blood out of a stone. THIS IS AN ALL STATIONS CALL FOR PNGEANS =
TO GET
INVOLVED. However, bear in mind that we need old fogies not young
whipper-snappers for these. (The whipper-snappers can tell us about the =
new
slang.)</span></font><font color=3Dblack><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'color:black;
mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:3.81gd;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid blue =
1.5pt;padding:
0cm;mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 0cm 4.0pt'><font size=3D2 color=3Dnavy =
face=3DArial><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><![if =
!supportEmptyParas]>&nbsp;<![endif]></span></font><font
size=3D2 color=3Dnavy face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial;color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span>=
</font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:45.7pt;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid blue =
1.5pt;padding:
0cm;mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 0cm 4.0pt'><span class=3DEmailStyle21><font =
size=3D4
color=3Dnavy face=3D"Century Gothic"><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:14.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Century Gothic"'>[My response =
is:] &#8220;Stupit&#8221;
I hear a lot. The other ones are pretty archaic, I think. I hope will =
still be
included though, with an appropriate =
note.<o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>

<pre style=3D'margin-left:3.81gd;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid =
blue 1.5pt;
padding:0cm;mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 0cm 4.0pt'><font size=3D2 =
color=3Dblue
face=3DArial><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:blue'>&nbsp;</span></font><font color=3Dblack><span lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'color:black'><br>
<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span></span></font><font =
color=3Dblack><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font><=
/pre></div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 color=3Dnavy face=3D"Times New =
Roman"><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'>***********************************=
*****</span></font><font
color=3Dnavy><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></=
p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 color=3Dnavy face=3D"Times New =
Roman"><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'>Craig =
Volker</span></font><font
color=3Dnavy><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></=
p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 color=3Dnavy face=3D"Times New =
Roman"><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'>volker at nalik.org =
</span></font><font
color=3Dnavy><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></=
p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 color=3Dnavy face=3D"Times New =
Roman"><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'>Fax / voicemail: USA
1-206-338-2559</span></font><font color=3Dnavy><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'color:
navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 color=3Dnavy face=3D"Times New =
Roman"><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'>Cell phone: JAPAN =
090-1721-1226</span></font><font
color=3Dnavy><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></=
p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 color=3Dnavy face=3D"Times New =
Roman"><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'><![if =
!supportEmptyParas]>&nbsp;<![endif]></span></font><font
color=3Dnavy><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></=
p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 color=3Dnavy =
face=3D"&#65325;&#65331; &#26126;&#26397;"><span style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:"MS Mincho";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New =
Roman";color:navy'>&#12424;&#12429;&#12375;&#12367;&#12362;&#39000;&#1235=
6;&#12375;&#12414;&#12377;&#12290;</span></font><font
color=3Dnavy><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></=
p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 color=3Dnavy =
face=3D"&#65325;&#65331; &#26126;&#26397;"><span style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:"MS Mincho";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New =
Roman";color:navy'>&#12463;&#12524;&#12452;&#12464;&#12539;&#12501;&#1245=
7;&#12523;&#12459;&#12540;</span></font><font
color=3Dnavy><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></=
p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 color=3Dnavy face=3D"Times New =
Roman"><span
lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'>***********************************=
******</span></font><font
color=3Dnavy><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></=
p>

<div style=3D'border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm =
0cm 4.0pt'><pre
style=3D'border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid blue =
1.5pt;padding:0cm;mso-padding-alt:
0cm 0cm 0cm 4.0pt'><span class=3DEmailStyle21><font size=3D4 =
color=3Dnavy
face=3D"Century Gothic"><span lang=3DEN-US =
style=3D'font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:"Century Gothic"'><![if =
!supportEmptyParas]>&nbsp;<![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></pre=
></div>

</div>

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