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<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2><SPAN
class=579554523-31072003>Comments on a few of Tom Slone's etymological
notes:</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
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style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 face=Times><B>Kaikai</B> is currently listed as
deriving from PPE on the Web site. <BR><SPAN
class=579554523-31072003><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2>[Ross Clark
(FOA LING)] </FONT></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2><SPAN class=579554523-31072003>Can
somebody please post a URL for "the Web site" that everyone keeps referring
to? Somehow I never got to it, and I have not managed to find it via
Google.</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 face=Times><SPAN
class=579554523-31072003> </SPAN> The OED has the origin as ultimately
from the Maori for food ("kai" or "kaikai"):</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000
face=Times>http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/00125073/00125073se1?single=1<SPAN></SPAN>&query_type=word&queryword=kaikai<BR>[note:
the above link requires subscription, but you can also find it in the printed
version in a library]<BR></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 face=Times><SPAN
class=579554523-31072003></SPAN></FONT><FONT color=#000000 face=Times><SPAN
class=579554523-31072003><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2>[Ross Clark
(FOA LING)] Maori is possible, but so are Tongan and Marquesan.
Interestingly, Marquesan is the only one of these languages which regularly
uses the reduplicated form as its basic verb "eat". I would tend to be
cautious and say "Polynesian", though Maori might be the leading contender.
("Kai" for "food" is still current in NZ English.)
</FONT></SPAN><BR><BR>Lanyon-Orgill (1960: 171) lists "kaikai" as meaning
"food" or "to eat" in Kuanua.<BR><SPAN class=579554523-31072003><FONT
color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2>[Ross Clark (FOA
LING)] </FONT></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 face=Times><SPAN class=579554523-31072003><FONT
color=#0000ff><FONT size=2><FONT face=Arial>This is almost certainly a TP
loanword. Tolai has ian "eat", n-ian "</FONT><FONT
face=Arial>food".</FONT></FONT></FONT> </SPAN><BR><BR></FONT><FONT
color=#000000 face=Times><BR><B>Pamuk</B>: The Tongan word for prostitute is
"pa?umutu" (where "?" is a glottal stop) (Tryon, 1995, part 4, p.
586).<BR><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2><SPAN
class=579554523-31072003>[Ross Clark (FOA
LING)] </SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 face=Times><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial
size=2><SPAN class=579554523-31072003>Samoan also has pa'umutu
"promiscuous" (Milner). Samoan must be the immediate source of this word in
TP, not only because of the known historical connection, but because
colloquial Samoan has [k] for written "t". </SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 face=Times><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial
size=2><SPAN class=579554523-31072003></SPAN></FONT></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 face=Times><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial
size=2><SPAN class=579554523-31072003></SPAN></FONT></FONT><FONT size=2><FONT
color=#0000ff><FONT face=Arial><SPAN class=579554523-31072003>The history of
this word is a little obscure. The Samoans have a folk etymology ("broken
skin", referring to the hymen) which I don't find particularly convincing.
(I've just noticed Niuean has /paugutu/, which can be read as
"lip-tarnished".) A colleague once suggested a connection with Pa'umotu, the
group of atolls east of Tahiti. Early Tahitian > Samoan loanwords are
certainly not unknown, but I have been unable to confirm whether women from
these islands had such a reputation. The Tongan word is most likely a
borrowing from Samoan, given by Churchward as a synonym of /muitau/. Sorry,
wandering off topic...</SPAN><BR></FONT></FONT></FONT></DIV><FONT
color=#000000 face=Times></FONT>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 face=Times><B>Sanda (1)</B>: Could this be from
"sandalwood", which is an aromatic wood used for perfume?<BR><SPAN
class=579554523-31072003><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2>[Ross Clark
(FOA LING)] </FONT></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 face=Times><SPAN class=579554523-31072003><FONT
color=#0000ff><FONT size=2><FONT face=Arial>Compare Bislama senta, senda,
sanda. I think we have to recognize a dual origin
here. </FONT></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2>English "s</FONT><FONT
face=Arial size=2>cent" is probably involved</FONT><FONT face=Arial
size=2> </FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2>(</FONT><FONT face=Arial
size=2>the change of e </FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2>> a before nasal
is paralleled in planti, banis</FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2>), but the
retention of final -nt is not norm</FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2>al in either
BLM </FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2>or TP (compare sen 'cent', kan 'cunt'
etc.). </FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2>Given that sandalwood was central
to an early phase of </FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2>MP development,
it'</FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2>s a pretty plausible </FONT><FONT
face=Arial size=2>input. (Note that Bislama still has wud "t</FONT><FONT
face=Arial size=2>ree, wood"</FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2>, which would make
the back-formation possib</FONT><FONT face=Arial
size=2>le.)</FONT></FONT> </SPAN><BR><BR><B>Talatala</B>:
Lanyon-Orgill (1960: 380) also says that this is Fijian. See
also:<BR>http://www.fijimuseum.org.fj/fm-TCOctober2001.htm<BR><SPAN
class=579554523-31072003><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2>[Ross Clark
(FOA LING)] </FONT></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 face=Times><SPAN class=579554523-31072003><FONT
color=#0000ff><FONT size=2><FONT face=Arial>This seems likely, with the
note that it doesn't mean "Protestant" in Fijian, but "prea</FONT><FONT
face=Arial>cher" or "missionary".
</FONT></FONT></FONT> </SPAN><BR><BR><B>Tambu</B>: This is now listed as
possibly deriving from Kuanua. I think this may be PPE though.
Here are parallel words:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 face=Times>Solomon Islands Pijin
(tambu/abu/apu/ambu/tapu/tabu): Jourdan (2002: 237-238)<BR>Bislama
(tabu/tambu): Crowley (1995: 239, 241)</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 face=Times>Broken: apparently no cognate (Shnukal,
1988).<BR><BR>The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) cites the origin of the
English word "taboo" as deriving from Captain Cook's voyage to
Tonga:<BR>http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/00245891?query_type=word&quer<SPAN></SPAN>yword=taboo<BR>[note:
the above link requires subscription, but you can also find it in the printed
version in a library]<BR>and the word was widely used in English in the
Pacific during the 1800s.<BR><BR>Tryon (1995, part 1, p. 1145) gives *tapu or
*tampu as the proto-Malayo-Polynesian word for "ancestor". The only
cognates of the ancestor meaning of "tambu" listed among PNG Austronesian
languages listed in Tryon is for Manam, "tubu" and Nyindrou (Manus Island),
"tubu-n", and there are several cognates among other Austronesian languages
(Tryon, 1995, part 2, p. 214-216).<BR><BR>Lanyon-Orgill (1960: 370-371)
confirms that "tabu" in Kuanua means prohibition, sacred or forbidden, as well
as traditional shell money. Note that this last meaning is currently not
on-line even though it was in Mihalic (1971).<BR><SPAN
class=579554523-31072003><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2>[Ross Clark
(FOA LING)] </FONT></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 face=Times><SPAN class=579554523-31072003><FONT
color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2>Tambu for "forbidden" is certainly PPE and
could be from any number of Oceanic languages, or even from English I
guess. </FONT></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 face=Times><SPAN class=579554523-31072003><FONT
size=2><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial>I don't think the "ancestor" word has
anything to do with it, since it is *tubu in Proto-Oceanic, and in any case
this isn't the meaning in
TP. </FONT></FONT> </SPAN><BR><BR></FONT><FONT color=#000000
face=Times><FONT size=2><FONT color=#0000ff><FONT face=Arial><SPAN
class=579554523-31072003>Ross
Clark </SPAN><BR></DIV></FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>