[TimorLesteStudies] Lorosa'e - Loromonu Conflict Study - Final Report

Jennifer Drysdale jenster at cres10.anu.edu.au
Tue Oct 2 10:46:05 EST 2007 

Via ETAN

>
>Dear All,
>
>
>
>The following is executive summary of Lorosa'e - 
>Loromonu Conflict Study. If you need the full 
>report english version, please email me at 
><mailto:trindade.josh at gmail.com>trindade.josh at gmail.com
>
>Many Thanks,
>
>Josh Trindade
>Author
>
>================
>
>Report Title: Rethinking Timorese Identity as a 
>Peace Building Strategy: Lorosa'e - Loromonu 
>Conflict from Traditional Perspective
>
>Authors: Jose 'Josh' Trindade and Bryant Castro
>
>Implementing Agency: GTZ/IS
>
>Funded by: European Commission Timor Leste
>
>==================
>
>
>
>Executive Summary
>
>
>
>Since 2006 East Timor, the world’s youngest 
>nation has been faced with a crisis of internal 
>conflict. During the course of the past year a 
>deepening regional and social division has 
>become tangible (and violent on a larger scale) 
>for the first time since independence. This 
>conflict or division was defined by animosities, 
>distrust and eventually street fights between 
>people considered to be either of Lorosa’e 
>(Eastern) or Loromonu (Western) region and 
>background. Violence erupted out of widespread 
>perceptions that discrimination against such 
>regional groupings permeated state institutions, 
>particularly in the security sector. From here 
>unrest spread and led to the large-scale 
>displacement of parts of the population that is still ongoing.
>
>The most significant damage caused by this 
>crisis was to the internal relationships that 
>had until then bound the country together. This 
>damage still threatens relations between the 
>institutions of governance and those that they 
>govern, as well as interpersonal relationships. 
>The legacy of a failure to adequately address 
>and transform the current situation will be fear 
>and mistrust, providing fertile ground for 
>future conflict in East Timor and hindering the 
>processes of nation-building often considered to 
>have been successful up until the crisis. What 
>has been neglected though is that - while the 
>economic indicators were positive - less 
>tangible processes of cultural transformation 
>and identity politics, in particular the 
>(non-)formation of a shared national identity, 
>were given little consideration and effort thus far.
>
>Meanwhile recent government-sponsored dialogue 
>and peace-making initiatives by international 
>actors present in East Timor have shown little 
>impact on the sentiments and root causes 
>underlying the eruption of violence last year. 
>In particular, there has been little effect on 
>countering the trend of a deepening social 
>divide between Lorosa’e and Loromonu that is 
>evolving into a kind of ‘ethnic polarisation’ of 
>regional and social distinctions, which - though 
>historically developed during colonial times and 
>surfacing at different moments in-between - had 
>previously not been violent on any large scale. 
>The study set out to explore why any measures 
>tried until now to address and resolve the 
>conflict and transform sentiments have not 
>worked well. Many causal factors - political, 
>economic, and legal - have been mentioned in 
>previous research, but one facet has remained 
>underexplored: gaining a deeper understanding of 
>local cultural understandings and views of the 
>crisis as well as local ideas for processes of 
>resolution and long-term transformation. At the 
>core of the Lorosa’e - Loromonu conflict, 
>respondents stated, is a fundamental discord 
>that pinpoints some of the faultlines present in 
>current processes of social change in East Timor 
>since independence. Such faultlines refer to the 
>fluidity and tension between modern-traditional; 
>urban-rural; elder-youth; migrant-local; and not 
>least between the world views and values at 
>stake. For instance, much of the rural 
>population finds that at the core of the new 
>regional conflict is an imbalance between the 
>physical-material and the spiritual-ancestral 
>worlds. Hence, the study describes in detail 
>some of the local ideas and conceptions of 
>conflict as well as enduring, age-old structures 
>and practices of conflict management, resolution and prevention in East Timor.
>
>Based on the ideas of respondents in seven 
>districts and an appraisal of two recent peace 
>initiatives in Dili, the study then proposes the 
>careful and considerate use of traditional 
>Timorese concepts and practices such as Nahe 
>Biti Bo’ot [a traditional dialogue process] and 
>Juramentu [a blood oath to seal a settlement or 
>agreement] in future peace processes aimed at 
>transforming the Lorosa’e - Loromonu conflict in the long-term.
>
>
>
>Table of Contents
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467193>Executive 
>Summary
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467194>Abbreviations
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467195>Acknowledgements
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467196>1. 
>Introduction
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467197>1.1 
>Objectives
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467198>1.2 
>Approach, Methodology and Format
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467199>1.3 
>Structure
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467200>1.4 
>Limitations of Study
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467201>2. 
>Background and Context
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467202>2.1 
>The 2006 Crisis - a Lorosa’e- Loromonu 
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467202>conflict?
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467203>2.2 
>Historical and Political Roots to the Lorosa’e – 
>Loromonu 
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467203>Conflict
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467204>2.2.1 
>A Historical View of Lorosa’e and Loromonu
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467205>2.2.2 
>The Politics of 
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467205>Lorosa’e 
>– Loromonu
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467206>3. 
>‘Modern’ and Traditional Understandings of the Crisis
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467207>3.1 
>‘Modern’ Perspectives on the Causes of the Crisis
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467208>3.2 
>Traditional Perspectives on the Causes of the Crisis
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467209>4. 
>Traditional Concepts and Community Structures in East Timor
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467210>4.1 
>The Uma Lulik and Relationships
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467211>4.2 
>Leadership: Liurai, Dato and Lia Nain
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467212>4.3 
>Sasan Lulik
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467213>5. 
>Traditional Practices of Conflict Management in East Timor
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467214>5.1 
>Nahe Biti and Juramentu 
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467214>: 
>Two Timorese Grassroots Mechanisms
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467215>5.2 
>Nahe Biti Bo’ot and Juramentu
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467216>6. 
>Impact, value and limitations of traditional conflict management
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467217>6.1. 
>A Variety of Voices
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467218>6.1.1 
>Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs)
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467219>6.1.2 
>Political Leaders
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467220>6.1.3 
>East Timorese Intellectuals
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467221>6.1.4 
>Traditional Leaders
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467222>6.1.5 
>Youth
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467224>6.1.6 
>Church
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467225>6.1.7 
>Views on the role of Uma Lulik in resolving the 
>Lorosa’e-Loromonu 
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467225>conflict
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467226>6.2 
>Limitations of Traditional Conflict Mechanisms
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467227>6.2.1 
>Urbanisation and Migration
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467228>6.2.2 
>Limited (National) Political Legitimacy
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467229>6.2.3 
>Limited effects on urban youth - generation gap
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467230>6.2.4 
>Contesting spiritual institutions
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467231>6.2.5 
>‘Divisive’ Variations in Lisan 
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467231>[traditional] 
>Practice
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467232>6.2.6 
>Re-enforcing gender and age inequalities?
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467233>7. 
>Rapid Appraisal of Lisan 
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467233>in 
>Recent Peace Initiatives
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467234>7.1 
>Simu Malu Rapid Appraisal of Lisan 
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467234>Implementation
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467235>7.2 
>Low-Level National Dialogue Rapid Appraisal of Lisan Implementation
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467236>8. 
>Using Traditional Mechanisms to build peace 
>among Lorosa’e and 
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467236>Loromonu
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467237>8.1 
>Short-Term Strategy to address the Lorosa’e - Loromonu Conflict
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467238>8.1.1 
>A National Nahe Biti Bo’ot
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467239>8.1.2 
>A National Juramentu (Blood Oath)
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467240>8.2 
>Foundations for a Long-Term Strategy to prevent future conflict
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467241>8.2.1 
>The Process of National Uma Lulik Construction
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467242>8.2.2 
>Creating National Sasan Lulik
>
><http://by124w.bay124.mail.live.com/mail/EditMessageLight.aspx?Action=Reply&AllowUnsafe=True&ReadMessageId=770798e1-78c1-4d36-8138-e0ba31709edc&FolderID=caafc2c9-fa8d-4c58-a034-ae3b7829e11e&n=1570793272#_Toc172467243>9. 
>Conclusion
>
>
>
>Annex 1: The Proposal
>
>
>Annex2: Glossary of Terms
>
>
>
>Annex 3: Interview Questions
>
>Annex 4: Participants Compositions
>
>Annex 5: Participants List
>
>Annex 6. Selected Photos
>
>Bibliography
>
>
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Jenny Drysdale
Moderator, Timor-Leste Studies Association List
Mobile 0407 230 772
Email Jennifer.Drysdale at anu.edu.au
Personal Website http://cres.anu.edu.au/~jenster
East Timor Studies www.etstudies-aust.org

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