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<div class="elementToProof"><span style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Johnston, Melissa. 2023.
<i>Building Peace, Rebuilding Patriarchy: The Failure of Gender Interventions in Timor-Leste,
</i>New York: Oxford University Press.</span></div>
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<div class="elementToProof"><span style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><a href="https://academic.oup.com/book/46658" id="LPlnk713980">https://academic.oup.com/book/46658</a></span></div>
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<div class="elementToProof">Men and women do not experience war, violence, and peace in the same ways. Accordingly, peacebuilding interventions now incorporate “gender mainstreaming” and stand-alone “gender-and-development.” These gender interventions should
make peacebuilding more effective and sustainable, facilitating stable societies and efficient economies. But success has been mixed. Timor-Leste offers an instructive case. Interventions on gender-responsive budgeting, domestic violence, and microfinance
have uneven results. Whereas women’s participation in national politics in Timor-Leste is high by international standards, deep inequalities remain, inequality between rural and urban areas is growing, and violence against women is endemic across the country.
Feminists have found fault with gender interventions, saying they don’t go far enough, and scholars of the local turn have suggested that focusing on gender encourages backlash against interventions. Instead of concentrating on a clash of local and international,
<i>Building Peace, Rebuilding Patriarchy</i> uses gender and class to explain the uneven outcomes. The text argues that peacebuilders made concessions to elites and violent men in order to keep the peace, a tendency amplified by local-turn approaches to peacebuilding.
This tendency has reinforced the valorization of armed masculinity, associated most strongly with the dominant class, which has in turn justified the unequal distribution of state petroleum resources. As well, gender, class, and domestic violence are connected
through brideprice, rendering legal and political reforms ineffective. Lastly, microfinance was supposed to empower women and grow the economy, but its main beneficiaries were elites, repeating patterns of accumulation and rule through debt established during
the Indonesian era.</div>
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<div><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 13px;">Professor Michael Leach</span></div>
<div><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 13px;">Politics and International Relations<br>
Department of Humanities and Social Sciences<br>
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<div><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 13px;">Swinburne University of Technology</span></div>
<div><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 13px;">H98, PO Box 218 Hawthorn VIC</span></div>
<div><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 13px;">AUSTRALIA 3122</span></div>
<div><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 13px;">Phone: +61 3 9214 5357<br>
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<a href="http://www.swinburne.edu.au/health-arts-design/staff-profiles/view.php?who=mleach"></a><br>
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