[LINK] How a satellite changed the world - 50 yrs ago

[stephen at melbpc.org.au]

Speaking of satellites ..

U.S. military satellite, paid for by Australia, launched into orbit

THURSDAY AUG 08, 2013  |  REUTERS


CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla., Aug. 7 (Reuters) - An unmanned Delta 4 rocket blasted 
off from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida on Wednesday carrying 
a communications satellite for the U.S. military and its partners, 
including Australia, which paid for the spacecraft and launch services.

The Delta rocket, topped with the sixth Wideband Global Satcom, or WGS, 
spacecraft lifted off at 0029 GMT.

The WGS network is used to relay television broadcasts, video conferences, 
images and other high-bandwidth data to and from ships, aircraft, ground 
forces, operations centers, the U.S. Department of State, the White House 
and select partners worldwide.

"These satellites provide tremendous operational flexibility," Dave Madden, 
director of military satellite communications at the U.S. Air Force Space 
and Missile Systems Center, told reporters during a conference call.

"A Navy ship can be operating in X-band ... and communicate with someone 
else operating with a Ka-band terminal, and vice-versa. The satellite does 
that conversion for them. That way we can cross-talk across the services 
and across capabilities," Madden said.

X-band and Ka-band refer to parts of the electromagnetic spectrum used to 
relay communication signals.

In an unusual partnering arrangement with the U.S. Air Force, Australia 
paid $707 million for Boeing to build the satellite and for United Launch 
Alliance, a partnership of Boeing and Lockheed Martin to put it into orbit. 
Australia's tab also covers some operational expenses.

In exchange, Australia can use a percentage of the WGS network through 
2029, when its 22-year agreement with the Air Force expires.

"This sharing of resources is very consistent with what the Department of 
Defense wants to do to form stronger coalitions with our allied 
partnerships, to share costs of operations," Madden said. "It really helps 
all parties."

The Air Force has a similar agreement in place with Canada, Denmark, 
Luxemburg, Netherlands and New Zealand, which are banding together to pay 
for the ninth WGS spacecraft.

The U.S. military currently is seeking one or more partners to finance 
follow-on satellites, Madden said.

Wednesday's launch came three months after the fifth WGS satellite reached 
orbit. The first spacecraft in the constellation, WGS-1, was launched in 
October 2007, followed by WGS-2 and -3, in 2009. Those satellites, 
designated Block 1, cost a combined $800 million.

The first Block 2 satellite, WGS-4, was launched in January 2012. It and 
WGS-5 and -6 cost a combined $1.2 billion. The next group of four 
satellites, currently in production, will cost some $1.6 billion, the Air 
Force
said.

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